"Compiled by the Bureau of the Census with the cooperation of the Social Science Research Council, this new historical supplement to the Statistical Abstract of the United States presents in compact and convenient form more than 8,000 statistical time series (mostly on an annual basis) which cover periods from 1610 to 1957."
For additional historical statistics, consult these books in the 2nd-floor reference collection:
"Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems." Includes articles and data visualizations. All charts, maps, and text are licensed with a Creative Commons CC-BY license and, therefore, free to use in your own work as long as you cite them properly.