Remember, you will need one (1) peer-reviewed/scholarly/academic article covering a topic related in some way to ludomusicology. Scholarly work is generally made up of either primary (original studies) or secondary sources (analysis). The distinction between types of sources can be a little confusing, so this page contains some basic descriptions, and highlights in bold the types of sources that will be most relevant to your assignment.
Primary Sources:
Primary sources are original documents, such as interviews, letters, original research findings, works of art, legal documents, and more. They are first hand accounts of an event that has happened, and involves someone who has a direct connection with the event or work.
Examples:
Secondary Sources:
Secondary sources are a report or analysis of something that has already happened. They are an interpretation of a primary source. For this assignment, you may also consider these as sources that you use to interpret your primary sources (and may also include what we might otherwise think of as a primary source as listed above).
Examples:
Newspaper Articles:
Although newspaper articles are typically secondary sources, some are primary; it can be confusing. If the newspaper article is reporting on a recent event, then it would be considered primary. If it's reporting on either something that has happened in the past, or drawing in information from other sources, it would be secondary.
Example:
A newspaper article from 1912 that reports on the sinking of the Titanic would be a primary source since it's an article from the time the event happened.
A newspaper article from 2019 reporting on the results of the presidential election of 2016 would be a secondary event since it's reporting on something that has already happened.
While this example can help you to better understand the differences between primary and secondary sources, keep in mind that your assignment requires a peer-reviewed source, and although some journalism is quite excellent, newspapers are not peer-reviewed sources. See below for more details on what makes a peer-reviewed source so important.
Scholarly journal articles differ from magazines/newspapers in that they are written by and for scholars (and not for the general public). See the following table to help your distinguish between popular and scholarly articles (and remember, you should aim for at least 10 scholarly articles to support your research for this assignment):
| Popular Articles (Magazines/Newspapers) | Scholarly Articles (Journals) |
| Written by journalists, columnists, reporters, bloggers, etc. | Written by scholars, academics, and researchers. |
| Written for non-experts and the casually interested. | Written for (and by) those with expertise in the field. |
| Sometimes referenced, but rarely with academic/scholarly sources. | Thoroughly referenced, with credible and reputable sources. |
| Written to entertain, inform, provoke, and make money. | Written to advance scholarship and academic knowledge. |
| Usually reviewed by an editor, though freelance work may be un-reviewed. | Usually reviewed by academics and scholars (hence “peer-review”). |
| Examples: Time, Newsweek Global, National Geographic, The New Yorker | Examples: Annual Review of Critical Psychology, Cinema Journal, American Journal of Education, Nature |
Why peer-review?
Peer-review is designed to assess the validity, quality and often the originality of articles for publication by subjecting the author's claims and data to the scrutiny of other experts in the same field. Its ultimate purpose is to maintain the integrity of research by filtering out invalid or poor quality articles. While good journalism also involves a degree of fact checking, peer-review establishes trust in scientific communication. Peer-review can be quite an involved process!