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HIST 333: Health & Disease (Leech)

Resources for the disease biography and health trend project in HIST 333.

Primary Sources = sources about the disease you are researching from the time period in question. These could include historical books; articles from historical medical journals, magazines, or newspapers; and/or pamphlets, fliers, images, and unpublished papers from digital special collections.

Find Primary Sources


JSTOR. JSTOR is first and foremost a repository of journals; it stores every title back to its founding, which is often as early as the 19th century. To find primary sources from early medical journals:

  • Start at the Advanced Search, then enter your disease into the search box
  • Limit the publication date to the time period of interest
  • Scroll down to select the relevant subject areas, which may include Biological Sciences, Health Sciences, Public Health, and/or Psychology

One good way to learn what the medical establishment thought about a disease in, say, the late 19th century is to find articles from medical journals that were published during that time period. Listed here are resources where you can find such articles, as well as tips for using those resources.


PubMed. If you're a pre-health major you'll know that PubMed is a premier database for contemporary medical research. However, it also indexes sources going back well over a century. To find articles from historical medical journals:

  • Search the name of the disease, then filter your results to the relevant time period
  • PubMed is not a full-text database, but Augustana will have much of what you need in full-text nonetheless. To locate the full-text of an article, click "Journals" on the library's home page, then search the title of the journal in which the article you want was published. Then follow the links to see if we have the year(s) you need
  • If you are unable to locate the full text using the method above, you can also try ordering it through ILL or I-Share.


PsycINFO. PsycINFO is the major database for contemporary psychological research, but it indexes and provides the full-text of journals going back to the 19th century. To find primary sources:

  • Type your chosen disease or psychological condition into the search box
  • Open the drop-down menu next to the Publication Date and select "Specific date range," the enter the year(s) that interest you. (Month[s] and day[s] are optional)
  • You can also narrow the years after conducting your search. To do that, filter by Publication Date on the left-hand side of the result list

American Periodicals Series. American Periodicals focuses on historical magazines and journals from the colonial period to roughly the 1930s. It includes medical journals along with many other types of publications. To find primary source articles from medical journals:

  • Search your chosen disease
  • Pay attention to the date(s) of coverage to ensure the articles you choose represent the time period you need
  • Pay attention to the titles of the journals in the result list to ensure they're medicine-related
  • N.b., articles from non-medical publications could also be helpful as long you're clear on the difference in purpose

Medline Ultimate. Medline Ultimate focuses on biomedical journals from the mid-19th century to the present. To find primary source articles:

  • Search your chosen disease
  • Use the filters to sort to the historical period you would like to research

The links here go to the digitized collections of medical museums, libraries, and special collections.


In addition to historical medical journals, popular representations of your chosen disease in newspapers and magazines could also provide a picture of how the disease was viewed historically. Listed here are databases and archival collections that may help with your disease biography.

To conduct more in-depth research, here is the complete list of Tredway's historical American newspapers and magazines. Look at the different tabs for specific regional titles, Black newspapers, and Jewish newspapers.


While many or even most historical medical publications in the U.S. will be in article form--similar to today--you may also find good primary source information in historical books.

There's also a chance you'll find historical books and book chapters referenced in PubMed and/or PsycINFO. The database won't have them in full-text, but if those books are in the public domain (published 1926 or earlier) you can probably obtain them through Hathi Trust, below.


Hathi Trust. Hathi Trust is a catalog of digitized books created collaboratively by academic and research libraries. Books in the public domain--anything published 1926 or before--will be fully available to read online.

  • Filter your results by author, publication date, language, etc., using the menus on the left-hand side of the result list
  • If you find a book or book chapter in PubMed or PsycINFO, check Hathi for a digitized copy of the book
    • Use the "Catalog Search"
    • Open the "All Fields" drop-down menu and select "Title"
    • Search the title of the book (not the chapter title--be sure to distinguish between the two)